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BDD100K: Images 100K Dataset

100000123925
Tagself-driving, benchmark
Taskinstance segmentation
Release YearMade in 2020
Licensecustom
Download5 GB

Introduction #

Fisher Yu, Haofeng Chen, Xin Wanget al.

This is the Images 100K part of the Berkeley Deep Drive Dataset (BDD100K): A Diverse Driving Dataset for Heterogeneous Multitask Learning, which is the largest driving video dataset with 100K videos and 10 tasks, providing a comprehensive evaluation platform for image recognition algorithms in autonomous driving. The dataset boasts geographic, environmental, and weather diversity, enhancing the robustness of trained models. Through BDD100K, the authors establish a benchmark for heterogeneous multitask learning, demonstrating the need for specialized training strategies for existing models to handle such diverse tasks, thereby opening avenues for future research in this domain.

Currently, the following datasets are presented on a DatasetNinja platform:

image

The dataset includes a diverse set of driving videos under various weather conditions, time, and scene types. The dataset also comes with a rich set of annotations: scene tagging, object bounding box, lane marking, drivable area, full-framesemantic and instance segmentation, multiple object tracking, and multiple object tracking with segmentation.

The authors construct BDD100K as a diverse and large-scale dataset of visual driving scenes. This dataset overcomes limitations by collecting over 100K diverse video clips, covering various driving scenarios, and capturing a broad range of appearance variations and pose configurations. The benchmarks encompass ten tasks, including image tagging, lane detection, drivable area segmentation, road object detection, semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, multi-object detection tracking, multi-object segmentation tracking, domain adaptation, and imitation learning. These diverse tasks enable the study of heterogeneous multitask learning, and the authors conduct extensive evaluations of existing algorithms on the new benchmarks, shedding light on the challenges of designing a single model for multiple tasks.

image

Geographical distribution of the data sources. Each dot represents the starting location of every video clip. The videos are from
many cities and regions in the populous areas in the US.

image

Instance statistics of our object categories. (a) Number of instances of each category, which follows a long-tail distribution. (b) Roughly half of the instances are occluded. (c) About 7% of the instances are truncated.

To provide a large-scale diverse driving video dataset, the authors utilize a crowdsourcing approach with contributions from tens of thousands of drivers, supported by Nexar. BDD100K includes over 100K driving videos, each 40 seconds long, collected from more than 50K rides across locations like New York and the San Francisco Bay Area, offering diverse scene types and weather conditions. The dataset is split into training, validation, and testing sets, with annotations for image tasks at the 10th second in each video and the entire sequences used for tracking tasks.

Tasks

The Image tagging involves annotations for weather conditions, scene types, and times of day. Object detection includes bounding box annotations for 10 categories, while lane marking involves labeling with eight main categories, continuity, and direction attributes. Drivable area detection distinguishes between directly and alternatively drivable areas. Semantic instance segmentation provides pixel-level annotations for 40 object classes in images randomly sampled from the dataset.

The authors present their dataset as an essential resource for advancing research in street-scene understanding, offering unparalleled diversity and complexity for evaluating algorithms in the domain of autonomous driving.

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Dataset LinkHomepageDataset LinkResearch PaperDataset LinkGitHub

Summary #

Berkeley Deep Drive Dataset (BDD100K): A Diverse Driving Dataset for Heterogeneous Multitask Learning (Images 100K) is a dataset for instance segmentation, semantic segmentation, object detection, and identification tasks. It is used in the automotive industry.

The dataset consists of 100000 images with 2221128 labeled objects belonging to 12 different classes including car, drivable area, lane, and other: traffic sign, traffic light, person, truck, bus, bike, rider, motor, and train.

Images in the BDD100K: Images 100K dataset have pixel-level instance segmentation annotations. Due to the nature of the instance segmentation task, it can be automatically transformed into a semantic segmentation (only one mask for every class) or object detection (bounding boxes for every object) tasks. There are 20137 (20% of the total) unlabeled images (i.e. without annotations). There are 3 splits in the dataset: train (70000 images), test (20000 images), and val (10000 images). Additionally, every image contains tags with weather, scene and timeofday, while objects contain dictionary with useful meta-information about their attributes (area type, occlusion, truncation, etc.). The dataset was released in 2020 by the UC Berkeley, USA, Cornell University, USA, UC San Diego, USA, and Element, Inc.

Here is the visualized example grid with animated annotations:

Explore #

BDD100K: Images 100K dataset has 100000 images. Click on one of the examples below or open "Explore" tool anytime you need to view dataset images with annotations. This tool has extended visualization capabilities like zoom, translation, objects table, custom filters and more. Hover the mouse over the images to hide or show annotations.

OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
OpenSample annotation mask from BDD100K: Images 100KSample image from BDD100K: Images 100K
👀
Have a look at 100000 images
View images along with annotations and tags, search and filter by various parameters

Class balance #

There are 12 annotation classes in the dataset. Find the general statistics and balances for every class in the table below. Click any row to preview images that have labels of the selected class. Sort by column to find the most rare or prevalent classes.

Search
Rows 1-10 of 12
Class
Images
Objects
Count on image
average
Area on image
average
car
any
78951
815717
10.33
9.86%
drivable area
any
76352
144352
1.89
17.05%
lane
any
76059
604379
7.95
0.93%
traffic sign
any
65375
274594
4.2
0.57%
traffic light
any
44890
213002
4.74
0.28%
person
any
25296
104611
4.14
1.26%
truck
any
21579
34216
1.59
4.77%
bus
any
10235
13269
1.3
5.02%
bike
any
4921
8217
1.67
0.93%
rider
any
4101
5166
1.26
0.87%

Co-occurrence matrix #

Co-occurrence matrix is an extremely valuable tool that shows you the images for every pair of classes: how many images have objects of both classes at the same time. If you click any cell, you will see those images. We added the tooltip with an explanation for every cell for your convenience, just hover the mouse over a cell to preview the description.

Images #

Explore every single image in the dataset with respect to the number of annotations of each class it has. Click a row to preview selected image. Sort by any column to find anomalies and edge cases. Use horizontal scroll if the table has many columns for a large number of classes in the dataset.

Object distribution #

Interactive heatmap chart for every class with object distribution shows how many images are in the dataset with a certain number of objects of a specific class. Users can click cell and see the list of all corresponding images.

Class sizes #

The table below gives various size properties of objects for every class. Click a row to see the image with annotations of the selected class. Sort columns to find classes with the smallest or largest objects or understand the size differences between classes.

Search
Rows 1-10 of 12
Class
Object count
Avg area
Max area
Min area
Min height
Min height
Max height
Max height
Avg height
Avg height
Min width
Min width
Max width
Max width
car
any
815717
1.04%
66.64%
0%
1px
0.14%
720px
100%
59px
8.2%
1px
0.08%
1279px
99.92%
traffic sign
any
274594
0.14%
99.86%
0%
1px
0.14%
719px
99.86%
26px
3.64%
1px
0.08%
1280px
100%
traffic light
any
213002
0.06%
33%
0%
1px
0.14%
653px
90.69%
26px
3.65%
1px
0.08%
559px
43.67%
drivable area
any
144352
8.94%
58.58%
0%
3px
0.42%
691px
95.97%
233px
32.37%
1px
0.08%
1280px
100%
lane
any
126013
0.48%
13.28%
0%
2px
0.28%
577px
80.14%
118px
16.37%
2px
0.16%
1280px
100%
person
any
104611
0.33%
37.55%
0%
1px
0.14%
644px
89.44%
68px
9.39%
1px
0.08%
844px
65.94%
truck
any
34216
3.03%
90.23%
0%
2px
0.28%
720px
100%
116px
16.11%
2px
0.16%
1278px
99.84%
bus
any
13269
3.89%
84.34%
0%
4px
0.56%
720px
100%
128px
17.76%
2px
0.16%
1198px
93.59%
bike
any
8217
0.65%
29.77%
0%
2px
0.28%
564px
78.33%
68px
9.46%
5px
0.39%
525px
41.02%
rider
any
5166
0.69%
28.01%
0%
1px
0.14%
574px
79.72%
83px
11.54%
2px
0.16%
554px
43.28%

Spatial Heatmap #

The heatmaps below give the spatial distributions of all objects for every class. These visualizations provide insights into the most probable and rare object locations on the image. It helps analyze objects' placements in a dataset.

Spatial Heatmap

Objects #

Table contains all 78238 objects. Click a row to preview an image with annotations, and use search or pagination to navigate. Sort columns to find outliers in the dataset.

Search
Rows 1-10 of 78238
Object ID
Class
Image name
click row to open
Image size
height x width
Height
Height
Width
Width
Area
1
traffic light
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
36px
5%
16px
1.25%
0.06%
2
traffic light
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
28px
3.89%
10px
0.78%
0.03%
3
traffic light
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
17px
2.36%
9px
0.7%
0.02%
4
traffic light
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
15px
2.08%
14px
1.09%
0.02%
5
traffic sign
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
31px
4.31%
27px
2.11%
0.09%
6
traffic sign
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
13px
1.81%
18px
1.41%
0.03%
7
traffic sign
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
53px
7.36%
38px
2.97%
0.22%
8
traffic sign
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
15px
2.08%
18px
1.41%
0.03%
9
car
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
48px
6.67%
84px
6.56%
0.44%
10
bus
any
bb17665d-27525f20.jpg
720 x 1280
64px
8.89%
91px
7.11%
0.63%

License #

Copyright ©2018. The Regents of the University of California (Regents). All Rights Reserved.

THIS SOFTWARE AND/OR DATA WAS DEPOSITED IN THE BAIR OPEN RESEARCH COMMONS REPOSITORY ON 1/1/2021

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for educational, research, and not-for-profit purposes, without fee and without a signed licensing agreement; and permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software for commercial purposes (such rights not subject to transfer) to BDD and BAIR Commons members and their affiliates, is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice, this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies, modifications, and distributions. Contact The Office of Technology Licensing, UC Berkeley, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 510, Berkeley, CA 94720-1620, (510) 643-7201, otl@berkeley.edu, http://ipira.berkeley.edu/industry-info for commercial licensing opportunities.

IN NO EVENT SHALL REGENTS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF REGENTS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

REGENTS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION, IF ANY, PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. REGENTS HAS NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.

Source

Citation #

If you make use of the BDD100K Images 100K data, please cite the following reference:

@dataset{BDD100K Images 100K,
  author={Fisher Yu and Haofeng Chen and Xin Wang and Wenqi Xian and Yingying Chen and Fangchen Liu and Vashisht Madhavan and Trevor Darrell},
  title={BDD100K: A Diverse Driving Dataset for Heterogeneous Multitask Learning (Images 100K)},
  year={2020},
  url={https://www.bdd100k.com/}
}

Source

If you are happy with Dataset Ninja and use provided visualizations and tools in your work, please cite us:

@misc{ visualization-tools-for-bdd100k-dataset,
  title = { Visualization Tools for BDD100K: Images 100K Dataset },
  type = { Computer Vision Tools },
  author = { Dataset Ninja },
  howpublished = { \url{ https://datasetninja.com/bdd100k } },
  url = { https://datasetninja.com/bdd100k },
  journal = { Dataset Ninja },
  publisher = { Dataset Ninja },
  year = { 2024 },
  month = { oct },
  note = { visited on 2024-10-15 },
}

Download #

Dataset BDD100K: Images 100K can be downloaded in Supervisely format:

As an alternative, it can be downloaded with dataset-tools package:

pip install --upgrade dataset-tools

… using following python code:

import dataset_tools as dtools

dtools.download(dataset='BDD100K: Images 100K', dst_dir='~/dataset-ninja/')

Make sure not to overlook the python code example available on the Supervisely Developer Portal. It will give you a clear idea of how to effortlessly work with the downloaded dataset.

The data in original format can be downloaded here.

. . .

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